Financial Freak Show

I know this is far from an entertaining topic but I’ll do my best to keep things saucy. Life insurance is something most of us should have in good order. With open enrollment season coming up for many employers I wanted to address the life insurance issue many people should consider. I was looking over a friend’s budget and noticed they we’re not paying out on any monthly life insurance premiums, since they have two young kiddos in the house I thought I would ask a couple questions. Turns out they’re both carrying life insurance through their employers. I asked why they went that route instead of carrying policies separate from their jobs. Apparently they saw they could buy it so they did, that’s about all the consideration they put into the decision.  

So the good news is they did have a reasonable amount of coverage in place and they were getting a heck of deal on it since the company covered most of the premiums. The bad news is they have no insurance in place if outside of the company. The main problem I see with this situation is that if they leave the company they’ll lose the coverage. True, as long as they remain healthy they could likely replace the coverage with a new term policy at that time but they also run the risk of not being able to get coverage at that time too (due to medical issues or the cost of a new unsubsidized policy.) I think having life insurance other than your employer’s plan is vital especially with two little ones at home. How many people nowadays are going to be at the same job 30 years from now…put a bullet in my head now please! It may be a good idea to look outside of your employer’s policies and see what all your options are.

So we decided they would look into getting a couple new 30 year term policies that they can carry with them no matter what happens to their work situation or their health. They’re also going to keep the current employer policies in place as  since it’s costing them less than $4 per month each for $350,000 in coverage (told you they had a hell of a deal!). Like I said, work insurance can often be a pretty sweet deal, just make sure it’ll meet your needs if you get canned or decide it’s finally time to tell your boss what you really think of him!  

Do you carry life insurance through your employer? Do you have outside insurance? Do you even have life insurance at all?

I was posed a question about using a 401k loan to clean up someone’s financial train wreck. The mess in particular was created by buying a bunch of junk that these people didn’t really have to ability to afford at the time but did have the ability to borrow. Now they’re trying to refinance their home to lower their monthly payments to get a little breathing room. The problem is they’re now a little upside down on the home and the bank wants them to bring some cash to the table before they will allow them to re-fi the house. So they’re considering a 401k loan to make this happen. That is until I laid out to them a little more insight into how these loans work.   

They would be allowed to borrow up to 50% of the vested balance with a maximum of $50,000. That should be okay in their case because they have a balance of near $65,000 and are looking to pull about $28k.

The money in their case would be available at a 6% interest rate. The interest does go back to your account but depending on the market performance this could be a losing deal as far as growth.

The loan sort of turn offs your 401k for a period of time while you work to pay back the balance. Well you don’t turn off the entire 401k but the portion you borrowed is no longer considered part of the balance so no growth will happen to the portion you have taken out of the account.

Here’s the big reason I think 401k loans should be used only as a last resort:

If you leave your company most plans require that the balance be paid back into the account within 60 days. This comes due no matter the circumstances of your departure, if you go “Jerry Maguire” on them and walk out the door with the hot receptionist you’ve got 60 days. If you decide to leave because things get a bit uncomfortable around the office after you’ve been fired, you have 60 days. If you’re unfortunate enough to die, 60 days. If the loan is not repaid within 60 days the remaining balance is considered an early withdrawal and you will have the pleasure of paying income taxes plus a 10% early withdrawal penalty (if you’re under 59-1/2). So for many families you’re looking at a full 30%-40% tax bill due on that money. So if my friends borrow the $28,000 they needed and it blows up in their face they are looking at writing a check for $8,400 to $11,000 conveniently right around the time they lose a job. Talk about crappy timing…oh, and add that to the fact that they had to borrow money so they obviously we’re already in a less than desirable situation before they lost the job! And remeber the IRS doesn’t like to wait around for their money.

So I’m not saying a 401k loan is not an option, in some cases it may be the only option someone has to save a house or avoid a bankruptcy. I just want to throw this out there so everybody knows what road they are heading down before they board the special bus.

What’s your experience with 401k loans? Please share.

It’s pretty easy to pick some goals  then get off your butt and begin working towards them. It’s also just as easy to focus on too many goals at once. In a previous post Take Aim & Kill It I talk about focusing all your financial resources at your smallest debt and working to eliminate it as rapidly as possible. Here I want to talk about why focusing on your debts now is important to reaching those larger goals further in the distance.

A contractor friend once told me this quote:

When you come across an electrical problem and a plumbing problem…don’t try to fix them both at the same time!

In other words don’t try to do too many things at once. I decided I would be better served by focusing on debts now which has allowed me to focus more on financing my retirement and reaching those larger goals. I once heard a story about a apartment maintenance man that bought his employer’s apartment complex with cash and managed to retire with over $3 million in the bank years later (that story could be  total B.S. but I did hear it). Well the story goes like this…He saved his butt off and even though he wasn’t making a ton of money over time he managed to save up enough dough to buy the small apartment complex he worked at and began creating some wealth. That’s pretty much the story. Instead of spending his money he saved his money and as the story goes eventually had enough dough to make a big fat real estate purchase. My guess is this person was a pretty simple dude and probably kept himself out of debt (I don’ see any other way he could really save up a ton of money like this). The obvious advantage though is that he was able to use his income to build something instead of paying for crap he bought in the past + interest.

Even if the story I heard was total B.S. the theory’s still valid. Freeing up your income by clearing your debts will allow you to stash away more money and collect interest instead of paying interest. Do that long enough and large enough and you could eventually turn that stack of money into investments to replace your income and build some wealth.  In my post I Call a Do-over I talk about some other advantages to freeing yourself from your everyday debts. As long as your income keeps going towards interest payments on credit cards and cars its going to be hard to use this money for much of anything else (it’s hard to save it if you don’t really get to keep it). So by wiping out my debts I’m now able to save and invest money much more aggressively because I actually have more available money now. 

I’m a long way from paying cash for my an apartment building but I’m a whole lot closer now that my money stays with me at the end of the month.  Freeing up my income has now given me access to the one tool I need to begin building some wealth, my income. 

If you were able to free yourself up from monthly debt payments what would you do with all that money?

Young people knows how to run fast but old people knows the way   -unknown

A survey of over a of over 1100 people ages 62-75 were posed a retirement question that only they have the experience necessary to answer. No matter how many finance blogs or books you’ve read, and no matter how many classes you’ve taken…nothing you have done to date, unless you‘re retired, will give you the experience and life lessons required to answer the following question:

If you could turn back time how would you have planned differently for retirement?

56% would have started saving earlier  

39% would have allocated more money towards retirement

27% would put money into safer investments

7% would put more into riskier investments

5% would have used a professional advisor

I found the results interesting because the two biggest I shoulda’s were behavior based mistakes and not really what I’d call investment mistakes. The two biggest mulligans they would take had little to nothing to do with investment proficiency and everything to do with the actual task of just getting the retirement savings in place and growing. So I’m thinking no matter what your situation may be right now it’s a good time to get about the business of putting yourself into a position where you can take the advice of these old timers and get things moving for your future. Imagine if you not only were able to run fast but you also knew the way.

So now that you know what the people “living the dream” have to say about their retirement savings what steps are you going to take to heed their advice? Or are you going to look back in a few years and repeat these same survey answers to the next crowd?  

Source: Harris Interactive and Financial Freedom Senior Funding survey of 1,140 seniors age 62-75

A coworker of mine isn’t quite buying into the whole “eliminate all your debts so you can easily afford to fund you retirement plans and build wealth” idea. So we we’re discussing what is a manageable amount of debt if you’re not going to suck it up, focus, and go all the way and instead take a more half-assed approach and just sort of eliminate some of your debts (most likely temporarily though). I decided that I would look into the numbers for him anyway because any money discussion can be a good discussion for most and it can’t hurt to get a better idea of what many feel is normal debt (well broke people call it normal).

After a fair amount of un-reliable research on personal Debt to Income ratios here are some numbers I came up with – remember your home mortgage payment is also included in these numbers, no cheating here

45% or higher debt to income – Things are scary (you probably already knew that). You are walking too close to the edge and some drastic measures should be taken to address the issue.

35% to 45% debt to income - You’re still walking close to the edge but not quite as close as above. Don’t slip up here though since you likely have no cash cushion you’re one mis-step away from stumbling into serious trouble. Now is the time to make some changes while you still have a little breathing room.

30% to 35% debt to income - You’re probably feeling like you’re in pretty good control of things compared to your peers and lucky you they’re offering to help you run up debt as fast as they can get the offers into your mailbox. This area is manageable and should allow you to fund retirement at a reasonable level (especially with employer matches in place)

30% of below debt to income – Below 30% you looking solid! This means you pay 30% or less on your debts each year. You could save 15% towards retirement, pay all your debt payments and still have 45% of your money for all your other junk.

So take minute, pull up your little list you created here: No shortcuts here, now let’s calculate you debt to income ratio. For the steps to do this read check out Calculate your Debt to Income Ratio and see where you stand. This should help you plan your next steps accordingly, remember the more information you have to work with the better decisions you can make.